`matrix()` CSS function

The matrix() CSS function defines a homogeneous 2D transformation matrix. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

[!NOTE] The matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty) function is a shorthand for matrix3d(a, b, 0, 0, c, d, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, tx, ty, 0, 1).

transform: matrix(1.2, 0.2, -1, 0.9, 0, 20);

transform: matrix(0.4, 0, 0.5, 1.2, 60, 10);

transform: matrix(0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);

transform: matrix(0.1, 1, -0.3, 1, 0, 0);

<section id="default-example">
  <img
    class="transition-all"
    id="example-element"
    src="/shared-assets/images/examples/firefox-logo.svg"
    width="200" />
</section>

Syntax

matrix(a, b, c, d, tx, ty)

Values

The matrix() function is specified with six values. The constant values are implied and not passed as parameters; the other parameters are described in the column-major order.

• a b c d
  • : Are <number>s describing the linear transformation.
• tx ty
  • : Are <number>s describing the translation to apply.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3
$$\begin{pmatrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{pmatrix}$$	$$\left( \begin{array}{ccc} a & c & tx \\ b & d & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right)$$	$$\left( \begin{array}{ccc} a & c & tx \\ b & d & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right)$$	$$\left( \begin{array}{cccc} a & c & 0 & tx \\ b & d & 0 & ty \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} \right)$$
	[a b c d tx ty]

The values represent the following functions: matrix(scaleX(), skewY(), skewX(), scaleY(), translateX(), translateY()).

Formal syntax

Examples

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="changed">Changed</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.changed {
  transform: matrix(1, 2, -1, 1, 80, 80);
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• transform
• Individual transform properties:
  • translate
  • scale
  • rotate
• <transform-function>
• matrix3d()