`rotateZ()` CSS function

The rotateZ() CSS function defines a transformation that rotates an element around the z-axis without deforming it. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

transform: rotateZ(0);

transform: rotateZ(90deg);

transform: rotateZ(-0.25turn);

transform: rotateZ(3.142rad);

<section id="default-example">
  <img
    class="transition-all"
    id="example-element"
    src="/shared-assets/images/examples/firefox-logo.svg"
    width="200" />
</section>

The axis of rotation passes through an origin, defined by the transform-origin CSS property.

[!NOTE] rotateZ(a) is equivalent to rotate(a) or rotate3d(0, 0, 1, a).

[!NOTE] Unlike rotations in the 2D plane, the composition of 3D rotations is usually not commutative. In other words, the order in which the rotations are applied impacts the result.

Syntax

rotateZ(a)

Values

• a
  • : Is an <angle> representing the angle of the rotation. A positive angle denotes a clockwise rotation, a negative angle a counter-clockwise one.

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2	Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3	Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3
This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on the plane.		$$\left( \begin{array}{ccc} \cos(a) & -\sin(a) & 0 \\ \sin(a) & \cos(a) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array} \right)$$	$$\left( \begin{array}{cccc} \cos(a) & -\sin(a) & 0 & 0 \\ \sin(a) & \cos(a) & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array} \right)$$

Formal syntax

Examples

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="rotated">Rotated</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.rotated {
  transform: rotateZ(45deg);
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• transform property
• rotate property
• <transform-function>