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css function

`scale()` CSS function

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The scale() CSS function defines a transformation that resizes an element on the 2D plane. Because the amount of scaling is defined by a vector [sx, sy], it can resize the horizontal and vertical dimensions at different scales. Its result is a <transform-function> data type.

Interactive exampleOpen the canonical MDN source to run this embedded demo.
transform: scale(1);

transform: scale(0.7);

transform: scale(1.3, 0.4);

transform: scale(-0.5, 1);

<section id="default-example">
  <img
    class="transition-all"
    id="example-element"
    src="/shared-assets/images/examples/firefox-logo.svg"
    width="200" />
</section>

This scaling transformation is characterized by a two-dimensional vector. Its coordinates define how much scaling is done in each direction. If both coordinates are equal, the scaling is uniform (isotropic) and the aspect ratio of the element is preserved (this is a homothetic transformation).

When a coordinate value is outside the [-1, 1] range, the element grows along that dimension; when inside, it shrinks. A negative value results in a point reflection in that dimension. The value 1 has no effect.

[!NOTE] The scale() function only scales in 2D. To scale in 3D, use scale3d() instead.

Syntax

scale(sx)

scale(sx, sy)

Values

Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^2 Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^2 Cartesian coordinates on ℝ^3 Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ^3
(sx00sy)\left( \begin{array}{cc} sx & 0 \\ 0 & sy \end{array} \right) (sx000sy0001)\left( \begin{array}{ccc} sx & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & sy & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array} \right) (sx000sy0001)\left( \begin{array}{ccc} sx & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & sy & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array} \right) (sx0000sy0000100001)\left( \begin{array}{cccc} sx & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & sy & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array} \right)
[sx 0 0 sy 0 0]

Formal syntax

Accessibility

Scaling/zooming animations are problematic for accessibility, as they are a common trigger for certain types of migraine. If you need to include such animations on your website, you should provide a control to allow users to turn off animations, preferably site-wide.

Also, consider making use of the prefers-reduced-motion media feature — use it to write a media query that will turn off animations if the user has reduced animation specified in their system preferences.

Find out more:

Examples

Scaling the X and Y dimensions together

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="scaled">Scaled</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.scaled {
  transform: scale(0.7); /* Equal to scaleX(0.7) scaleY(0.7) */
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Interactive exampleOpen the canonical MDN source to run this embedded demo.

Scaling X and Y dimensions separately, and translating the origin

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="scaled">Scaled</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.scaled {
  transform: scale(2, 0.5); /* Equal to scaleX(2) scaleY(0.5) */
  transform-origin: left;
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

Interactive exampleOpen the canonical MDN source to run this embedded demo.

Specifications

SpecificationsStandards references are available on the canonical MDN page.

Browser compatibility

Browser compatibilityCompatibility data is available on the canonical MDN page.

See also